Sensors And Transducers Ebook Free Download
This book is written by D. Patranabi, a professor of instrumentation engineering at Jadavpur University, India. He has over 30 years of teaching and research experience in the field of sensors and transducers. He has authored several books and papers on this topic and has received many awards and honors for his contributions.
sensors and transducers ebook free download
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This book provides a lucid presentation of the principles of working of all types of sensors and transducers, which form the prime components of the instrumentation systems. The characteristics of the sensors and transducers and the operating principles of transducer technologies are discussed in considerable detail. Besides covering conventional sensors such as electromechanical, thermal, magnetic, radiation, and electroanalytical, the book also describes the recent advances in sensor technologies, including smart and intelligent sensors used in automated systems.
The book also illustrates the application aspects of sensors used in several fields such as automobiles, manufacturing, medical, and environment. With a straightforward approach, the book aims at building a sound understanding of the fundamentals and inculcating analytical skills needed for design and operation. Numerous schematic representations, examples, and review questions help transcend underlying basics to automation and instrumentation.
The book is designed to serve the needs of the engineering students of instrumentation, chemical, mechanical, and electrical disciplines. It will also be a useful text for the students of applied sciences.
To download this free PDF ebook, click on the link below:
Sensors and Transducers: A Comprehensive Guide to Theory and Applications (Free PDF)
Types of Sensors and Transducers
Sensors and transducers can be classified into various types based on different criteria. Some of the common types are:
Active and passive sensors: Active sensors are those that require an external power source to operate, while passive sensors do not. For example, a thermocouple is a passive sensor that generates a voltage proportional to the temperature difference between its two junctions, while a thermistor is an active sensor that changes its resistance with temperature and needs a current to measure it.
Analog and digital sensors: Analog sensors are those that produce a continuous output signal that varies with the input stimulus, while digital sensors are those that produce a discrete output signal that has only two states (on or off). For example, a potentiometer is an analog sensor that produces a voltage proportional to the angular position of its shaft, while an encoder is a digital sensor that produces a binary code corresponding to the angular position of its shaft.
Contact and non-contact sensors: Contact sensors are those that require physical contact with the object or phenomenon to be measured, while non-contact sensors do not. For example, a strain gauge is a contact sensor that measures the deformation of a material by attaching to its surface, while a laser displacement sensor is a non-contact sensor that measures the distance of an object by reflecting a laser beam from its surface.
Primary and secondary sensors: Primary sensors are those that directly measure the physical quantity of interest, while secondary sensors are those that measure another physical quantity that is related to the primary one. For example, a pressure sensor is a primary sensor that measures the force per unit area exerted by a fluid or gas, while a piezoelectric sensor is a secondary sensor that measures the electric charge generated by applying pressure to a crystal.
Applications of Sensors and Transducers
Sensors and transducers have a wide range of applications in various fields and industries. Some of the common applications are:
Automotive: Sensors and transducers are used in automobiles for monitoring and controlling various parameters such as speed, acceleration, temperature, pressure, fuel level, oxygen content, engine performance, etc. For example, a speed sensor measures the rotational speed of the wheels and sends the signal to the speedometer and the anti-lock braking system (ABS), while an oxygen sensor measures the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas and sends the signal to the engine control unit (ECU) for adjusting the fuel-air ratio.
Manufacturing: Sensors and transducers are used in manufacturing for measuring and controlling various parameters such as position, displacement, force, torque, vibration, flow, level, etc. For example, a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) measures the linear displacement of an object and sends the signal to a feedback controller for adjusting the position of a machine tool or a robot arm, while a flow meter measures the flow rate of a fluid or gas and sends the signal to a valve for regulating the flow.
Medical: Sensors and transducers are used in medical for diagnosing and treating various diseases and disorders. For example, an electrocardiogram (ECG) measures the electrical activity of the heart and displays it as a waveform on a monitor or prints it on a paper strip for detecting any abnormalities such as arrhythmia or ischemia, while an ultrasound transducer emits high-frequency sound waves and receives their echoes from different tissues and organs and converts them into images on a screen for visualizing their structures and functions.
Environment: Sensors and transducers are used in environment for monitoring and protecting various parameters such as temperature, humidity, pressure, light, sound, radiation, etc. For example, a thermometer measures the temperature of the air or water and displays it on a scale or sends it to a data logger for recording or analysis, while a radiation detector measures the intensity of ionizing radiation and alerts or alarms if it exceeds a certain level.
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